在InnoDB中,锁的类型有如下几种:
Shared and Exclusive Locks(共享S或独占X锁)
Intention Locks(意向锁)
Record Locks(记录锁)
Gap Locks(间隙锁)
Next-Key Locks
Insert Intention Locks(插入意向锁)
AUTO-INC Locks(自增锁)
Shared and Exclusive Locks InnoDB实现了标准的行级锁(row-level locking),其中有两种类型的锁,共享锁(shared (S) locks )和独占锁(exclusive (X) locks )。
共享锁(S)允许持有锁的事务读取一行
独占锁(X)允许持有锁的事务更新或者删除一行
如果事务T1在第r行上持有一个共享锁,那么来自某个不同事务T2的请求对第r行上的锁的处理方法如下:
T2可以立即获取S锁。因此,T1和T2在r上都有一个S锁
T2对X锁的请求不能立即被批准
从上面对S锁和X锁的处理情形来看,对于一个事务T1,如果它持有第r行的X锁,那么其他事务不能获取第r行的任何锁,直至T1释放掉S锁。
排它锁和共享锁控制方式用如下表格显示(Y: 相容;N: 不相容):
注意普通的查询语句在InnoDB中属于快照读,不会加任何锁;如果查询加lock in share mode
,那么会将查询出来的行加上S锁 ;如果查询加for update
, 那么会将查询出来的行加上X锁 。如下SQL所示:
1 2 select * from table where ? lock in share mode;select * from table where ? for update;
Intention Locks InnoDB支持多粒度锁定(multiple granularity locking),允许行锁和表锁共存。为了在多个粒度级别上实现锁定,InnoDB使用了Intention Locks(意向锁)。Intention Locks是表级别(table-level)锁,表示事务稍后对表中的一行数据加哪种类型的锁(共享或独占)。有两种类型的Intention Locks:
在事务可以获取表中某一行上的共享锁之前,它必须首先获取表上的IS锁或更强的**IS(intention shared lock )**锁。
在事务可以获得表中某一行的独占锁之前,它必须首先获得表上的**IX(intention exclusive lock)**锁。
表级锁(Table-level lock )的类型兼容性总结如下(Compatible可共存,Conflict不可共存):
\
X
IX
S
IS
X
Conflict
Conflict
Conflict
Conflict
IX
Conflict
Compatible
Conflict
Compatible
S
Conflict
Conflict
Compatible
Compatible
IS
Conflict
Compatible
Compatible
Compatible
如果请求事务与现有锁兼容,则授予该事务锁,但如果与现有锁冲突,则不授予该事务锁。事务等待冲突的现有锁被释放。如果锁请求与现有锁冲突,并且由于会导致死锁而无法被授予,则会发生错误。
意向锁不会阻塞除全表扫描请求之外的任何请求。意向锁的主要目的是显示某人锁定了一行,或者准备锁定表中的一行(**The main purpose of intention locks is to show that someone is locking a row, or going to lock a row in the table.**)。
上面的是MySQL官方文档对意向锁的描述,看过之后是不是对意向锁的作用不太理解?X 居然与IX、IS冲突,那么意向锁是加在那个地方呢?我们来实操一把,直接用例子来看看意向锁是干啥的,然后总结一下意向锁的作用(以下例子是基于MySQL8.0 的,低于此版本情况有所不同)。
下面有一个表t1
,有如下两条数据(字段i和name都没有索引):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mysql> select * from t1; +------+--------+ | i | name | +------+--------+ | 1 | WALKER | | 2 | Bob | +------+--------+
此时我们用两个session来模拟锁冲突的情况,一个加S锁,一个加X锁。如下所示:
\
TX1
TX2
1
BEGIN;
2
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE i = 1 FOR UPDATE;
BEGIN;
3
UPDATE t1 SET name = ‘WALKER1’ WHERE i = 1;
由上面的SQL语句执行情况来看,我们不难猜出TX2的UPDATE t1 SET name = 'WALKER1';
更新语句必被阻塞住,下面来分析具体锁的情况。
首先我们先来查询当前两个事务 的状态:
1 SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_TRX\G;
输出是:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_TRX\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** trx_id: 44300 trx_state: LOCK WAIT trx_started: 2019-09-26 13:49:07 trx_requested_lock_id: 44300:40:4:2 trx_wait_started: 2019-09-26 13:51:34 trx_weight: 2 trx_mysql_thread_id: 22 trx_query: UPDATE t1 SET name = 'WALKER1' WHERE i = 1 trx_operation_state: starting index read trx_tables_in_use: 1 trx_tables_locked: 1 trx_lock_structs: 2 trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136 trx_rows_locked: 3 trx_rows_modified: 0 trx_concurrency_tickets: 0 trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ trx_unique_checks: 1 trx_foreign_key_checks: 1 trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0 trx_is_read_only: 0 trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0 *************************** 2. row *************************** trx_id: 44299 trx_state: RUNNING trx_started: 2019-09-26 13:47:46 trx_requested_lock_id: NULL trx_wait_started: NULL trx_weight: 2 trx_mysql_thread_id: 21 trx_query: NULL trx_operation_state: NULL trx_tables_in_use: 0 trx_tables_locked: 1 trx_lock_structs: 2 trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1136 trx_rows_locked: 3 trx_rows_modified: 0 trx_concurrency_tickets: 0 trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ trx_unique_checks: 1 trx_foreign_key_checks: 1 trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0 trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 0 trx_is_read_only: 0 trx_autocommit_non_locking: 0
由上面输出可以看出,trx_id: 44300
的状态为LOCK WAIT
,被阻塞住了,而 trx_id: 44299
的状态为RUNNING
,正常运行,注意两者的事务都未提交。
接着我们来查询锁 的情况,这个事务被上了什么锁,锁的状态是什么,我们都可以知晓,通过如下sql查询:
1 select * from performance_schema.data_locks\G;
输出是:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 mysql> select * from performance_schema.data_locks\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44300:1100 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44300 THREAD_ID: 60 EVENT_ID: 9 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: NULL OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434678088 LOCK_TYPE: TABLE LOCK_MODE: IX LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44300:40:4:2 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44300 THREAD_ID: 60 EVENT_ID: 10 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: GEN_CLUST_INDEX OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434675648 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: WAITING LOCK_DATA: 0x000000000300 *************************** 3. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44299:1100 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44299 THREAD_ID: 59 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: NULL OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434673112 LOCK_TYPE: TABLE LOCK_MODE: IX LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: NULL *************************** 4. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44299:40:4:1 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44299 THREAD_ID: 59 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: GEN_CLUST_INDEX OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434670328 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: supremum pseudo-record *************************** 5. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44299:40:4:2 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44299 THREAD_ID: 59 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: GEN_CLUST_INDEX OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434670328 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 0x000000000300 *************************** 6. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44299:40:4:4 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44299 THREAD_ID: 59 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: GEN_CLUST_INDEX OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434670328 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 0x000000000301 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
居然有六条记录,注意后四条都是事务44297的,我只给i = 1
的记录加了X锁,为什么有三条[4,5,6]X锁(LOCK_TYPE为RECORD)?注意有三条X锁的记录LOCK_DATA
字段数据是不同的, 原因是字段i并没有添加索引,所以MySQL就利用聚簇索引(Cluster Index)来加锁了,所以两条记录都被上了X锁,第三条记录的LOCK_DATA
是 supremum pseudo-record
,这个是啥玩意?这个和后面说到的Next-Key Locks
有关,这个先暂放不表。
我们注意第三条记录的LOCK_MODE为IX(LOCK_MODE可取值:S[,GAP], X[,GAP], IS[,GAP], IX[,GAP], AUTO_INC, and UNKNOWN. ),且LOCK_TYPE为TABLE,说明这是个表级锁,且是意向写锁,由上表可知,IX锁与IX锁是相容的,所以可以看到,第一条记录的IX锁的状态也是GRANTED的。
再看第二条纪录,LOCK_TYPE为RECORD,LOCK_MODE为X, LOCK_STATUS为WAITING,说明被阻塞了,等待其他事务释放锁。
最后我们想看锁等待 的情况,可以用如下sql:
1 select * from performance_schema.data_lock_waits\G;
输出如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 mysql> select * from performance_schema.data_lock_waits\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB REQUESTING_ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44300:40:4:2 REQUESTING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44300 REQUESTING_THREAD_ID: 60 REQUESTING_EVENT_ID: 11 REQUESTING_OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434675992 BLOCKING_ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 44299:40:4:2 BLOCKING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 44299 BLOCKING_THREAD_ID: 59 BLOCKING_EVENT_ID: 7 BLOCKING_OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2671434670328 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这个表记录的是一个锁被哪个锁阻塞了,其中REQUESTING_ENGINE_LOCK_ID
代表当前被阻塞的锁ID,REQUESTING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID
代表当前被阻塞的事务ID;BLOCKING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID
代表当前持有锁的锁ID,BLOCKING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID
代表持有锁的事务ID。所以我们可以明显地看到,事务44300被事务44299阻塞了。
通过上面的实操,我们知道了:
意向锁是表级锁 (Table-level),不会和行级的X,S锁发生冲突。只会和表级的X,S发生冲突
表级别的IX与表级别的 X、S均不相容,表级别的IS只与表级别的S相容。 而表级别的IX、IS是相互相容的,而IX、IS只是表明申请更低层次级别元素(比如 page、record)的X、S操作
假设此时有一个事务T需要申请表的X锁
如果没有意向锁的话,则需要遍历所有整个表判断是否有行锁的存在,以免发生冲突
如果有了意向锁,只需要判断该意向锁与即将添加的表级锁是否兼容即可。因为意向锁的存在代表了,有行级锁的存在或者即将有行级锁的存在。因而无需遍历整个表,即可获取结果
Record Locks Record Locks总是锁定索引记录,即使表没有定义索引。对于这种情况,InnoDB创建一个隐藏的聚簇索引(Cluster Index ),并使用这个索引来锁定记录。
Gap Locks Gap Locks这个设计比较独特,如果对数据库理论比较清楚的同学,知道在SQL标准中REPEATABLE READ
这个隔离级别会出现幻读(phantom row),但MySQL在这个隔离级别下使用Next-Key lock 和 Gap lock的算法,避免幻读的产生。这个听着比较厉害,我们来了解下其概念。
下面是MySQL官方文档的描述:
A gap lock is a lock on a gap between index records, or a lock on the gap before the first or after the last index record.
Gap lock被称为间隙锁,锁定的是一个范围,而不是若干记录,可以形象地理解为行与行之间空隙。具体的加锁结合后面的Next-Key Locks来分析。
Next-Key Locks 下面是MySQL官方文档对Next-Key Locks的描述:
A next-key lock is a combination of a record lock on the index record and a gap lock on the gap before the index record.
Next-Key Locks 包含 Record Locks和 Gap Locks,既锁记录,又锁间隙。注意Next-key Lock只在RR级别有效,在RC级别下,只用于外键检查(foreign-key constraint checking)和重复键检查(duplicate-key checking)。
那么锁定的区间的范围是多大呢?我们写个例子来看下吧:
下面是表的DDL和初始化数据,事务隔离级别为RR,字段num
有非唯一索引。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 CREATE TABLE test.gap_t1 ( id varchar (30 ) NOT NULL , num int not null , PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx_gap_t1_01` (`num`) ) ENGINE= InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET= utf8COLLATE = utf8_general_ci;insert into gap_t1(id,num) values ('a' , 1 ),('c' , 3 ), ('e' , 5 ), ('g' , 7 ), ('i' , 10 ), ('k' , 11 ), ('m' , 12 ), ('p' , 14 );
接着在session1执行如下SQL:
1 2 BEGIN ;SELECT * FROM gap_t1 WHERE num = 5 FOR UPDATE;
我们查看加锁情况:
1 select * from performance_schema.data_locks\G;
记录如下所示:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 mysql> select * from performance_schema.data_locks\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47438:1108 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47438 THREAD_ID: 50 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: gap_t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: NULL OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622473304 LOCK_TYPE: TABLE LOCK_MODE: IX LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47438:48:5:4 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47438 THREAD_ID: 50 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: gap_t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: idx_gap_t1_01 OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622470520 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 5, 'e' *************************** 3. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47438:48:4:4 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47438 THREAD_ID: 50 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: gap_t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: PRIMARY OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622470864 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 'e' *************************** 4. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47438:48:5:5 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47438 THREAD_ID: 50 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: gap_t1 PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: idx_gap_t1_01 OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622471208 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X,GAP LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 7, 'g' 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我们通过分析上面的Record locks的加锁情况,知道对于非唯一索引加X锁,必然会对其主键加锁,num为5
的主键为c
,所以第三行记录是对id为c的主键加锁;
第二行是对num为5的记录加锁,加到了索引idx_gap_t1_01
上了;
第四行的LOCK_MODE为X,GAP
,发现有两个,X锁和GAP锁,这个地方我们就发现了GAP锁的身影,此时就是Next-Key Locks了。
我们来测试下Next-Key Locks锁住的区间到底是什么?有如下sql测试:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 3); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 4); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('b', 3); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('f', 7); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('h', 7); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 5); insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('f', 5);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 3); ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 4); ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('b', 3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('f', 7); ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('h', 7); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('d', 5); ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction mysql> insert into gap_t1(id,num) values('f', 5); ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
我们发现,当(id,num)
为('d',3)
, ('d', 4)
,('f', 7)
,('d', 5)
,('f', 5)
的时候,都会被阻塞,(id,num)
为('b', 3)
,('h', 7)
时,插入正常。注意原先的表数据如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 mysql> select * from gap_t1; +----+-----+ | id | num | +----+-----+ | a | 1 | | c | 3 | | e | 5 | | g | 7 | | i | 10 | | k | 11 | | m | 12 | | p | 14 | +----+-----+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
执行完上面的插入语句后,变成如下的:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 mysql> select * from gap_t1; +----+-----+ | id | num | +----+-----+ | a | 1 | | b | 3 | | c | 3 | | e | 5 | | g | 7 | | h | 7 | | i | 10 | | k | 11 | | m | 12 | | p | 14 | +----+-----+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
根据上面的测试情形来看,加锁的区间是:
我们来画图看一下:
结合上面data_locks表查询结果可知:
(a,5)
这条记录加的是Record Lock,并且该行的主键索引与非聚集索引均加了Record Lock
(a,5)
的左右区间均被加了Gap Lock
对于唯一索引(包括聚集索引),如果命中的话,锁就会降级为Record Lock,不再有Gap Lock了。(索引上的等值查询,给唯一索引加锁的时候,next-key lock会退化为行锁)
引上的等值查询,向右遍历时且最后一个值不满足等值条件的时候,next-key lock 退化为间隙锁。
更细节的部分后面专门写文章研究,这里就对Next-key lock了解这么多吧。
Insert Intention Locks 下面是MySQL官方文档对Insert Intention Locks的描述:
An insert intention lock is a type of gap lock set by INSERT operations prior to row insertion.
从这一句话我们可以知道,Insert Intention Locks是一种gap lock
,并且是在插入(insert)操作之前发生的,该锁的范围是(插入值, 向下的一个索引值)。不过在data_locks这个表中无法确切找到这个锁的踪迹,我们可以从MySQL的日志来查看。
下面是官方给的例子:
首先初始化表和数据
1 2 CREATE TABLE child (id int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(id)) ENGINE=InnoDB; INSERT INTO child (id) values (90),(102);
接着开启两个session:
\
TX1
TX2
1
BEGIN;
2
SELECT * FROM child WHERE id > 100 FOR UPDATE;
BEGIN;
3
INSERT INTO child (id) VALUES (101);
当TX2执行到3的时候,插入语句被阻塞了,下面我们来看看data_locks表中锁的情况:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 mysql> select * from performance_schema.data_locks\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47456:1109 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47456 THREAD_ID: 55 EVENT_ID: 8 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: child PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: NULL OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622478280 LOCK_TYPE: TABLE LOCK_MODE: IX LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47456:49:4:3 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47456 THREAD_ID: 55 EVENT_ID: 8 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: child PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: PRIMARY OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622475496 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X,GAP LOCK_STATUS: WAITING LOCK_DATA: 102 *************************** 3. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47454:1109 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47454 THREAD_ID: 54 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: child PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: NULL OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622473304 LOCK_TYPE: TABLE LOCK_MODE: IX LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: NULL *************************** 4. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47454:49:4:1 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47454 THREAD_ID: 54 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: child PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: PRIMARY OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622470520 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: supremum pseudo-record *************************** 5. row *************************** ENGINE: INNODB ENGINE_LOCK_ID: 47454:49:4:3 ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID: 47454 THREAD_ID: 54 EVENT_ID: 7 OBJECT_SCHEMA: test OBJECT_NAME: child PARTITION_NAME: NULL SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL INDEX_NAME: PRIMARY OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 2611622470520 LOCK_TYPE: RECORD LOCK_MODE: X LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED LOCK_DATA: 102 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我们可以看到第五行102
被加了X锁,第四行LOCK_DATA是supremum pseudo-record
,这是个什么玩意,来看下官方的解释:
For the last interval, the next-key lock locks the gap above the largest value in the index and the “supremum” pseudo-record having a value higher than any value actually in the index. The supremum is not a real index record, so, in effect, this next-key lock locks only the gap following the largest index value.
由于我们的加锁语句是SELECT * FROM child WHERE id > 100 FOR UPDATE;
,条件是一个范围,没有边界,MySQL就会加supremum pseudo-record
。它是索引中的伪记录(pseudo-record),代表此索引中可能存在的最大值,设置在supremum pseudo-record上的next-key lock锁定了“此索引中可能存在的最大值”,以及这个值前面的间隙,“此索引中可能存在的最大值”在索引中是不存在的,因此,该next-keylock实际上锁定了“此索引中可能存在的最大值”前面的间隙,也就是此索引中当前实际存在的最大值后面的间隙。
第五行数据,给102加了X,GAP 两个锁,经过上面的分析,我们可以感觉到,其实这个GAP应该是插入意向锁,我们用SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS
来看看InnoDB此时到底加了什么锁?下面是部分输出:
1 2 3 4 5 RECORD LOCKS space id 49 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `test`.`child` trx id 47455 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 80000066; asc f;; 1: len 6; hex 00000000b959; asc Y;; 2: len 7; hex 8200000093011d; asc ;;
lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
这句话告诉我们,此时确实产生了插入意向锁,我们插入的是101,其下一个索引值为102,所以会有插入意向锁。
AUTO-INC Locks AUTO-INC锁是一种特殊的表级锁,通过事务插入到具有AUTO_INCREMENT列的表中来实现。在最简单的情况下,如果一个事务正在向表中插入值,那么任何其他事务都必须等待自己的插入操作,以便由第一个事务插入的行接收连续的主键值。 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode配置选项控制用于自动增量锁定的算法。它允许您选择如何在可预测的自动递增值序列和插入操作的最大并发性之间进行权衡。
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